Four 'if' patterns
+ indicative (assumed for the argument), + past indicative … (contrary to fact), + subjunctive (possible), + optative (remote).
Lessons Lesson 29 of 29
Classify conditional sentences, read comparisons, and recognise the optative.
+ indicative (assumed for the argument), + past indicative … (contrary to fact), + subjunctive (possible), + optative (remote).
, : 'if you had been here, he would not have died'. in the 'then' half is the signal.
- / - = 'more': 'greater'. 'Than' is or the genitive: .
- / - = 'most, very': 'least', 'highest'.
A rare mood for wishes: 'may it never be!'; 'might be'. Its sign is / + .
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· , , .
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Parse the marked word from Matt 11:11.
μείζων
ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐκ ἐγήγερται ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν μείζων Ἰωάννου τοῦ βαπτιστοῦ· ὁ δὲ μικρότερος ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν μείζων αὐτοῦ ἐστιν. Matt 11:11
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εἰμί
present active optative · 2nd plural
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What does the marked word mean here?
ἐλαχίστων
καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐρεῖ αὐτοῖς· Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐφʼ ὅσον ἐποιήσατε ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου τῶν ἐλαχίστων, ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε. Matt 25:40
Read a whole verse, tapping any word you need, then answer questions on who does what and parse its new forms.
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Passage 1 of 6, question 1 of 3. Tap any word you need; looking words up never costs you.
· , , .
Who or what is the subject of ἀποκριθεὶς?
This lesson’s words, chart forms and parsings are spaced-review cards. Pass the drills above and they join your review, where each card comes back just before you would forget it. See step 7 for what this lesson adds.
Under each verse in step 6, write your own English and get feedback on each word. It doesn’t count toward the pass mark, so try it whenever a verse makes sense to you.
| positive | comparative | superlative |
|---|---|---|
| μέγας | μείζων | μέγιστος |
| πολύς | πλείων | πλεῖστος |
| ἀγαθός | κρείττων / κρείσσων | κράτιστος |
| κακός | χείρων | — |
| μικρός | μικρότερος / ἐλάσσων | ἐλάχιστος |
| ὕψιστος (only superlative) | ὕψιστος | |
| regular | -τερος | -τατος |
| Person | present active optative |
|---|---|
| singular | |
| 1st | εἴην (optative form) |
| 2nd | εἴης (optative form) |
| 3rd | εἴη (optative form) |
| plural | |
| 1st | εἴημεν (optative form) |
| 2nd | εἴητε (optative form) |
| 3rd | εἴησαν (optative form) |
Underlined:optative form
Also γένοιτο (2 aor. mid. opt. 3s of γίνομαι) in μὴ γένοιτο, 'may it never be!'.
| class | protasis (if…) | apodosis (then…) | sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | εἰ + indicative | any mood | assumed true for argument |
| 2nd | εἰ + past indicative | ἄν + past indicative | contrary to fact |
| 3rd | ἐάν + subjunctive | any (often future) | possible / general |
| 4th | εἰ + optative | ἄν + optative | remote possibility (rare) |
Every word here is one you know, apart from at most one glossed word. Tap a word to look it up; it shows only what you've learned so far. Answer questions on these verses in the Read a verse drill.
· , , .
, ,
·
· will guide; .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): ὁδηγήσει “will guide”.
; [them] of a prostitute; .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): πόρνης “[them] of a prostitute”.
Every word in these is one you know.
,
,
.
,
.
Also: 1 chart, 5 parsing items.
Pass the drills with 80% and 42 word cards, 2 chart cards and 5 parsings from this lesson join your review.
28 of the 49 start right away. Writing each word in Greek, and any other cards, wait until you know the meanings.
Sources for this lesson: SBLGNT text CC BY 4.0; MACULA Greek CC BY 4.0 (tokens, parses, english glosses); Berean Interlinear glosses public domain (context_gloss); Dodson lexicon CC0 (vocab gloss).