Past time = augment
The imperfect adds - to the front of the verb: → , 'I was loosing'.
Lessons Lesson 13 of 29
Recognise the augment and read past ongoing action.
The imperfect adds - to the front of the verb: → , 'I was loosing'.
If the verb starts with a vowel, the augment lengthens it: → , → .
With a preposition prefix, the augment goes after it: → .
-, -, -(), -, -, -. can be 'I was loosing' or 'they were loosing'.
The imperfect of : , , , , , . With it you can read John 1:1.
The imperfect shows past action viewed as ongoing, repeated or just beginning: , 'they kept saying'.
Stories in the Gospels keep using three verb forms you can't build yet, so learn them now as single words: 'he/she said', 'he/she came', 'he/she answered'. Treat each one like a vocabulary card: see it, know it, move on. No parsing needed yet.
They often appear together: , 'Jesus answered and said to him'. You may also see or without the final ; that's the same word (the is movable). Other look-alikes such as or are not on the card yet.
These three are aorist forms, a past tense with its own stems. and are explained properly in lesson 20, in lesson 21. Until then, just read them by meaning.
Screen 1 of 9
Tap any word to see its dictionary form, parsing and meaning.
, , .
Pass the lesson with 80% or more across the scored drills. Read-aloud practice and optional reading never hold you back.
Pick a drill to start. Each one keeps its own score.
Some cells of the chart are blank. Type the missing forms.
No cells checked yet. Each blank counts as one answer.
Fill in the blank cells of λύω imperfect indicative.
A word from a real verse is highlighted. Choose each part of its parsing.
No words parsed yet.
Parse the marked word from Matt 1:18.
ἦν
Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ ἡ γένεσις οὕτως ἦν. μνηστευθείσης τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας τῷ Ἰωσήφ, πρὶν ἢ συνελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου. Matt 1:18
Given a dictionary form and a parsing, type the form that matches.
No forms built yet.
Build this form.
λύω
imperfect middle/passive indicative · 3rd singular
Choose or type the meaning that fits the marked word in its verse.
No answers yet.
What does the marked word mean here?
Γαλιλαίας
ἄλλοι ἔλεγον· Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ χριστός· οἱ δὲ ἔλεγον· Μὴ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ὁ χριστὸς ἔρχεται; John 7:41
Read a whole verse, tapping any word you need, then answer questions on who does what and parse its new forms.
No questions answered yet.
Passage 1 of 12, question 1 of 3. Tap any word you need; looking words up never costs you.
, , .
Who or what is the subject of ἦν?
This lesson’s words, chart forms and parsings are spaced-review cards. Pass the drills above and they join your review, where each card comes back just before you would forget it. See step 7 for what this lesson adds.
Under each verse in step 6, write your own English and get feedback on each word. It doesn’t count toward the pass mark, so try it whenever a verse makes sense to you.
| Person | imperfect active indicative | imperfect middle/passive indicative |
|---|---|---|
| singular | ||
| 1st | ἔ (augment)λυον (personal ending) | ἐ (augment)λυόμην (personal ending) |
| 2nd | ἔ (augment)λυες (personal ending) | ἐ (augment)λύου (personal ending) |
| 3rd | ἔ (augment)λυε(ν) (personal ending) | ἐ (augment)λύετο (personal ending) |
| plural | ||
| 1st | ἐ (augment)λύομεν (personal ending) | ἐ (augment)λυόμεθα (personal ending) |
| 2nd | ἐ (augment)λύετε (personal ending) | ἐ (augment)λύεσθε (personal ending) |
| 3rd | ἔ (augment)λυον (personal ending) | ἐ (augment)λύοντο (personal ending) |
Underlined:augmentpersonal ending (who does it)
| Person | imperfect active indicative |
|---|---|
| singular | |
| 1st | ἤμην (imperfect form) |
| 2nd | ἦς (imperfect form) |
| 3rd | ἦν (imperfect form) |
| plural | |
| 1st | ἦμεν (imperfect form) |
| 2nd | ἦτε (imperfect form) |
| 3rd | ἦσαν (imperfect form) |
Underlined:imperfect form
Every word here is one you know, apart from at most one glossed word. Tap a word to look it up; it shows only what you've learned so far. Answer questions on these verses in the Read a verse drill.
, , .
· · · ;
.
· .
, · mother .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): μήτηρ “mother”.
, · ,respect
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): ἐντρέπομαι “respect”.
Tap a whole-word form to see its meaning. Its grammar comes in a later lesson.
Thomas · .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): Θωμᾶς “Thomas”.
, .received
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): παρέλαβον “received”.
· to be ;
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this form yet): εἶναι “to be”.
answering· , .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this form yet): ἀποκριθεὶς “answering”.
· what .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): ποίᾳ “what”.
· Bring .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this form yet): Φέρετέ “Bring”.
Every word in these is one you know.
,
·
.
,
.
Also: 2 charts, 5 parsing items, 3 whole-word forms (6 cards, both directions).
Pass the drills with 80% and 42 word cards, 6 fixed-word cards, 6 chart cards and 5 parsings from this lesson join your review.
35 of the 59 start right away. Writing each word in Greek, and any other cards, wait until you know the meanings.
Sources for this lesson: SBLGNT text CC BY 4.0; MACULA Greek CC BY 4.0 (tokens, parses, english glosses); Berean Interlinear glosses public domain (context_gloss); Dodson lexicon CC0 (vocab gloss).