Three voices
Active: the subject acts. Passive: the subject is acted on. Middle: the subject acts with special involvement (for or on itself).
Lessons Lesson 11 of 29
Recognise present middle/passive forms and verbs that only appear in the middle.
Active: the subject acts. Passive: the subject is acted on. Middle: the subject acts with special involvement (for or on itself).
-, -, -, -, -, - serve both middle and passive in the present. Context decides.
Some verbs appear only in the middle: 'I come', 'I become'. Translate them as active.
With a passive, + genitive gives the person doing the action: , 'by God'.
'I can' has the middle endings on a stem in -: , , .
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Tap any word to see its dictionary form, parsing and meaning.
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Some cells of the chart are blank. Type the missing forms.
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Fill in the blank cells of λύω present middle/passive indicative.
A word from a real verse is highlighted. Choose each part of its parsing.
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Parse the marked word from Matt 8:9.
ἔρχεται
καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπός εἰμι ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν, ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας, καὶ λέγω τούτῳ· Πορεύθητι, καὶ πορεύεται, καὶ ἄλλῳ· Ἔρχου, καὶ ἔρχεται, καὶ τῷ δούλῳ μου· Ποίησον τοῦτο, καὶ ποιεῖ. Matt 8:9
Given a dictionary form and a parsing, type the form that matches.
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λύω
present middle/passive indicative · 3rd plural
Choose or type the meaning that fits the marked word in its verse.
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What does the marked word mean here?
ἐβουλήθη
Ἰωσὴφ δὲ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς, δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ θέλων αὐτὴν δειγματίσαι, ἐβουλήθη λάθρᾳ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν. Matt 1:19
Read a whole verse, tapping any word you need, then answer questions on who does what and parse its new forms.
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Passage 1 of 4, question 1 of 1. Tap any word you need; looking words up never costs you.
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Who or what is the subject of ἐστιν?
Read a clause from the New Testament, tapping any word you need, then say who does what.
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Passage 1 of 4, question 1 of 2. Tap any word you need; looking words up never costs you.
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Who or what is the subject of ἔρχεται? No subject is written; the ending tells you.
This lesson’s words, chart forms and parsings are spaced-review cards. Pass the drills above and they join your review, where each card comes back just before you would forget it. See step 7 for what this lesson adds.
Under each verse in step 6, write your own English and get feedback on each word. It doesn’t count toward the pass mark, so try it whenever a verse makes sense to you.
| Person | present middle/passive indicative |
|---|---|
| singular | |
| 1st | λύομαι (personal ending) |
| 2nd | λύῃ (personal ending) |
| 3rd | λύεται (personal ending) |
| plural | |
| 1st | λυόμεθα (personal ending) |
| 2nd | λύεσθε (personal ending) |
| 3rd | λύονται (personal ending) |
Underlined:personal ending (who does it)
Same forms serve middle and passive in the present.
| Person | present middle/passive indicative |
|---|---|
| singular | |
| 1st | ἔρχομαι (personal ending) |
| 2nd | ἔρχῃ (personal ending) |
| 3rd | ἔρχεται (personal ending) |
| plural | |
| 1st | ἐρχόμεθα (personal ending) |
| 2nd | ἔρχεσθε (personal ending) |
| 3rd | ἔρχονται (personal ending) |
Underlined:personal ending (who does it)
Every word here is one you know, apart from at most one glossed word. Tap a word to look it up; it shows only what you've learned so far. Answer questions on these verses in the Read a verse drill.
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any , .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): τι “any”.
redeeming , .
One word is glossed for you (you haven’t learned this word yet): ἐξαγοραζόμενοι “redeeming”.
Every word in these is one you know. Answer questions on them in the Read a clause drill.
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Also: 2 charts, 5 parsing items.
Pass the drills with 80% and 44 word cards, 4 chart cards and 5 parsings from this lesson join your review.
31 of the 53 start right away. Writing each word in Greek, and any other cards, wait until you know the meanings.
Sources for this lesson: SBLGNT text CC BY 4.0; MACULA Greek CC BY 4.0 (tokens, parses, english glosses); Berean Interlinear glosses public domain (context_gloss); Dodson lexicon CC0 (vocab gloss).